{"id":757,"date":"2026-06-08T02:29:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-08T06:29:14","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2026-06-08T02:29:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-08T06:29:14","slug":"q-cosmology-and-gravity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/?p=757","title":{"rendered":"Q-Cosmology and Gravity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 102, 153);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">QUANTUM COSMOLOGY and <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 102, 153);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">GRAVITY<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">The strangest consequences of quantum mechanics had only been seen at the atomic and molecular levels. Recent experiments, however, showed quantum superpositions in much larger &#8216;superconducting quantum interference devices&#8217; (SQUID&#8217;s for short). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">This has raised the extraordinary possibility of &#8216;Schrodinger&#8217;s Cat&#8217; states (this refers to Schrodinger&#8217;s remark that quantum mechanics in principle allowed a Cat to be simultaneously in alive and dead states). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" style=\"width: 219px; height: 172px;\" src=\"\/userfiles\/image\/4-2011-pics\/schroecat.jpg\" \/>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">In 1960-70&#8217;s,  brilliant theoretical work allowed a unified picture of all particles except those strung to gravity. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">The  fundamental particles are &#8216;heavy&#8217; particles (the quarks), from which  matter is constructed, and other particles like photons or gluons, which  tie the heavy particles together. <\/span><\/span>T<span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">he big blot on the picture below does not include gravity:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/userfiles\/image\/4-2011-pics\/subatomic_particle_tracks.jpg\" style=\"width: 236px; height: 190px;\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">In 1916 Einstein completed his general theory of relativity, which gave a unified <a href=\"http:\/\/physics.aps.org\/articles\/v4\/43\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">theory of spacetime and gravitation<\/span><\/a>. We now had a theory which could talk about the entire universe. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" style=\"width: 239px; height: 175px;\" src=\"\/userfiles\/image\/4-2011-pics\/nasa_gpb_news.jpg\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">the warping of space-time<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Some of the consequences were so revolutionary that even Einstein had trouble with them. These included the prediction in 1938 of regions (vortices) of collapsed space\/time, later called &#8216;black holes&#8217;, because we cannot see what is in there. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/userfiles\/image\/4-2011-pics\/blackHole.jpg\" style=\"width: 236px; height: 172px;\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">In 1967 neutron stars were discovered, and we now have evidence for many &#8216;black holes&#8217; in our galaxy, as well as &#8216;supermassive holes&#8217; in the centers of many galaxies. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/userfiles\/image\/2014%20pics\/black-hole.jpg\" width=\"266\" height=\"196\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">Many high-energy processes occurring in stars are hard to explain without using general relativity. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><a href=\"?p=839\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\">Its consequences<\/span><\/a> have been more surprising than most science fiction. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"333\" height=\"207\" src=\"\/userfiles\/image\/2013%20pics\/Hierarchy%20of%20scales.JPG\" alt=\"\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"?p=758\"><span style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 255);\"><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: Verdana;\">read more &#8230;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>QUANTUM COSMOLOGY and GRAVITY The strangest consequences of quantum mechanics had only been seen at the atomic and molecular levels. Recent experiments, however, showed quantum superpositions in much larger &#8216;superconducting quantum interference devices&#8217; (SQUID&#8217;s for short). This has raised the extraordinary possibility of &#8216;Schrodinger&#8217;s Cat&#8217; states (this refers to Schrodinger&#8217;s remark that quantum mechanics in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1756,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c2creset.ondigit.us\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}