ODE 2 JOY Baritone Oh, Freunde, nicht diese Töne! Sondern lasst uns Angenehmere anstimmen Und freudenvollere. Baritone & Chorus Freude, schöner Götterfunken, Tochter aus Elysium, Wir betreten feuertrunken, Himmlische, dein Heiligtum. Deine Zauber binden wieder Was die Mode streng geteilt; Alle Menschen werden Brüder Wo dein sanfter Flügel weilt. Quartet & Chorus Wem der grosse…

Muscle Imbalance and Weakness After age 30, the human body naturally loses more than 200g of muscle every year. Since muscles are where most calories are burned, muscle loss is directly responsible for: inviting fat and flab, looking and feeling older, falls and hip fractures later in life, feeling weaker, which leads to: tiring more…

Are Brains Bio-Computers? The prefrontal cortex is the executive center of the brain and supports "higher level" cognition, including decision making and problem solving. As researchers gain a better understanding of the synthesis of the prefrontal cortex and the brain as a whole, they will gain a better understanding of human intelligence.  The development of more…

Do our Brains operate like a Computer? Digital computers operate by turning electrical signals into binary "on and off" states and flexibly manipulating these states by using switches. You can find the same operating principles in the brain: The neurons in the prefrontal cortex are binary – they have two states, either active or inactive – and…

The Brain’s expression The 3 skull-brain layers intermingle and communicate via an extensive two-way network of nerves, sometimes like a contentious committee. It links thinking with emotions. The thinking part likes to think it is in the driver’s seat, but the older brain parts exercise much more control over that seat than we are aware…

Two Hemispheres ? The human brain comprises of many billions of cells, several billion of them are neurons linked in networks that give rise to intelligence, creativity, emotion, consciousness and memory. The skull-brain is kind of symmetric. Its L and R hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum, a thick white band of nerves deep within…

The 3 + 1 Brains Over 500 million years, several brain types were developed, based on responses to evolutionary need of the various life-forms on planet earth. The human skull contains 3 of them. The “younger ones” lay on top of the “older ones”. Our 3+1 “quaternary brain” comprises of 4 integral systems: the ‘human’ brain…

Latest Developments in Imaging  All of the brain-mapping technologies require inferential reasoning for its interpretation. Our comprehension of how the brain actually functions ranks at 2 on a scale of 100. DOT is a technique to simultaneously "see" neural activity and study the functioning of the brain. A near-infrared laser is positioned on the scalp. Detectors…

Brain Imaging Brain imaging is generally divided into two categories: structural imaging functional imaging. The purpose of structural imaging is to visualize the various structures of the brain and any physical abnormalities that may affect them (such as tumors, bleeding, blood clots, or birth deformities). The purpose of functional imaging is to better understand the…

 OUR BRAINS How can we witness them functioning?  Until two decades ago, researchers had to perform post mortem dissections on the brains of healthy individuals and those with localized brain lesions, or selectively destroy certain parts in animal brains, or apply electrical stimuli during surgical operations, so as to figure out how brains function. Now,…