PART V THE NETWORK OF EMOTIONS Dr. Antonio Damásio, a neuroscientist and clinician at UCLA, has published a few books on his team’s "body to brain" feedback research on people with brain damage. these decades of experiences have led him to conclude that: Patterns in the external world correspond with patterns of nerve cell activity in…

Receptors When a signal reaches the end of the axon it may stimulate tiny sacs. These sacs release chemicals known as neuro-transmitters into a synapse. They cross the synapse and attach to receptors on the neighboring cell. If this cell is a neuron, the signal may continue to the following cell. With electrical synapses, 2…

The Cerebrum   The cerebrum is split into 2 hemispheres by a deep fissure. The twin cerebral hemispheres communicate with each other through a thick tract of over 200 million nerve fibers, called corpus callosum, that lies at the base of this fissure. The surface of the cerebrum and the cerebellum is coated with a…

Key Neurotransmitters at work Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter because it generally makes cells more excitable. It governs muscle contractions and causes glands to secrete hormones. In Alzheimer’s there is a shortage of acetylcholine. GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter because it tends to make cells less excitable. It helps control muscle and vision activities. Serotonin…

Making Connections The brain and the rest of the nervous system are composed of many different types of cells, but the primary functional unit is a cell called the neuron. All sensations, movements, thoughts, memories, and feelings are the result of signals that pass through neurons. Neurons consist of three parts: The cell body containing…

The Inner Brain Deep within the skull, lie structures that are the gatekeepers between the spinal cord and the cerebral hemispheres. They determine our emotional state, and modify our perceptions and responses depending on that state. They allow us to initiate movements without thinking about them. Like the cerebral lobes, the center-brain structures are twins…

The Geography of our thoughts The hemispheres divide into 4 sections, called lobes: the twin frontal lobes are associated with reasoning, planning, movement, emotions, and problem solving. the twin parietal lobes are involved with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli, such as taste, texture, temperature, touch, pressure, pain. Reading and arithmetic are also functions of them. the…

 Three Brains in One           The lower- or reptilian brain includes the upper part of the spinal cord, brain stem, and 2 half balls of wrinkled tissue called cerebellum. The lower-brain controls almost all of the body’s vital functions such as respiration, blood pressure and circulation, heart rate, motor-, and sensory responses. The…

PART IV THE NETWORK OF OUR THOUGHTS The Brain/Body’s nerve architecture and their functions The nervous system is a body’s decision and communication center. The central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) entails nerves. Together they control each part of our daily life, from breathing and…

Upside down Impression ? A cosmic waveform is turned into a biologically generated holographic reality, called human being, a cosmic object. Every part of this hologram is a fractal, a smaller version of the whole. Our act of observation is an act of decoding waveforms into a holographic reality. The rays of light (photons) of…