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Qianlong as Mañjuśrī Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchens of Northeast China and founder of what became the Qing dynasty, named his tribe after Mañjuśrī as the Manchus. This painting is arranged with Qianlong at the center of a cosmogram, a symbolic universe. The background shows clouds and the 5-peaked sacred Wutaishan mountain. He…

Chinese Characters 曆 (Li = calendar) 虬 (Qiu = dragon) 龙 (Long = dragon) 钱 (Qian = money) 钱币  (Qianbi = coin) 乾 (Gan = male, strong) (弘 (Hong = great, liberal) 天子(Tiānzǐ= Son of Heaven) 白龙 (Bai long = white dragon) 金龙 (Jinlong = golden dragon) 魔鬼 (Mogui = demonic dragon) 钱龙 (Qianlong =…